Endoscopic ultrasonography – EUS is the imaging procedure that combines endoscopy and ultrasonography. Submucous tumour means lesion protruding to gastrointestinal tract lumen with normal or pathologically changed mucous membrane. Location of such lesions is gastrointestinal tract wall but could be the result of extraintestinal lesion pressure. In presented study our main aim was to assess the diagnostic yield in submucous lesions, esophagus wall thickening and surface roughness diagnostics with use of endoscopic ultrasonography. We analysed 47 patients (24 male and 23 female) hospitalised in Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw between 2009 and 2011 because of esophagus lesion diagnosed in upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. In all patients endosonography was performed. In 27 cases (57%) organic lesion was diagnosed in gastrointestinal tract wall. In 4 cases (9%) organic lesion localised outside of a gastrointestinal tract and in 16 cases (34%) normal anatomical structures were found. On the basis of ultrasonography procedure result patients were qualified to surgical, endoscopic or oncology treatment. All lesions of rough surface require further diagnostic procedures and qualification to endoscopic or surgical procedures because of high risk of malignancy. All submucous lesions appeared to be non-malignant lesions and as such do require endoscopic or ultraendoscopic surveillance.